UNITED NATIONS, Jun 17 (APP):Foreign direct investment (FDI) to developing economies in Asia, hit hard by the economic downturn caused by the coronavirus pandemic, is projected to decline by up to 45% in 2020, according UNCTAD’s World Investment Report 2020.
The number of announced greenfield investment in the first quarter of 2020 dropped by 37%, the report said. The number of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) fell by 35% in April 2020.
“Lockdown measures and factory stoppages impacted supply chain and factories’ production in the region. Falling corporate earnings, a slump in global and regional demand and economic slowdown have led multinational enterprises (MNEs) to postpone investment plans,” UNCTAD’s Director of Investment and Enterprise James Zhan said in Geneva.
The pandemic will precipitate a fall in reinvested earnings of foreign affiliates based in the region, affecting investment, according to the report. It underscored the vulnerability of these supply chains and the significance of the role of China and other Asian economies as global production hubs.
Outward FDI is also expected to fall as a result of liquidity challenges faced by companies from the region.
A global economic recession will further weigh on inflows to and outflows from the region. Economic growth in Asia is expected to stall to 0%.
In 2019, FDI flows into developing economies in Asia declined by 5%, to $474 billion.
Growth in inflows in South Asia (10%) and South East Asia (5%) were not sufficient to offset the decline in investment in East Asia and West Asia (13% and 7% respectively).
Asia remained the world’s largest FDI recipient, hosting more than 30% of global inflows in 2019.
FDI flows to South Asia increased by 10% to $57 billion. The rise was driven largely by a 20% increase in investment in India, the largest South Asian FDI recipient, to $51 billion.
Flows to Bangladesh fell by 56% to about $2 billion, reflecting an adjustment from a record-high level in 2018, the report said.
In Pakistan, it said, FDI recovered, growing 28% to $2 billion after a 30% fall in 2018.
FDI inflows to East Asia declined by 13% to $233 billion in 2019. Inflows to China rose to an all-time high of $141 billion despite trade tensions.
Investment flows to Hong Kong, China declined by 34% to $68 billion in 2019, recording a fourth consecutive annual decrease.
Flows to South Korea dropped by 13%, to $11 billion, attributed to trade tensions with Japan and the end of tax breaks for foreign investors in 2018.
South-East Asia, with FDI rising by 5% to a record level of $156 billion, continued to be the region’s growth engine in 2019. The growth was driven by strong investment mainly in Singapore, Indonesia and Vietnam. The three countries received more than 80% of inflows in South-East Asia in 2019.
Robust investment from Asian economies, the United States and within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) pushed up inflows. Manufacturing and services continued to underpin inflows to South-East Asia.
FDI flows to some ASEAN member states (e.g., Myanmar, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Thailand) fell, the report said. Investment to Malaysia was flat.
FDI to West Asia declined by 7% to $28 billion. Three countries – Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia – accounted for the majority of inflows in 2019.
The United Arab Emirates was the largest FDI recipient in West Asia, with flows of almost $14 billion in 2019, growing by a third from the preceding year.
Flows to Saudi Arabia increased for the second consecutive year by a further 7% to $4.6 billion because of a few large M&A deals.
FDI flows to Turkey declined by 35% to $8.4 billion and investment to other countries in West Asia was flat or declined.
Outflows from Asia declined by 19% to $328 billion, a further decline from 2018. The decline in commodity prices, geopolitical tensions and China’s restrictions on outward FDI contributed to the fall.
Outflows from East Asia recorded a third consecutive annual decrease, by 21% to $224 billion. Investment from South-East Asia and West Asia declined by 11% to $56 billion and 30% to $36 billion in 2019, respectively. Outflows from South Asia grew 6%, driven by investment from India.
Outward investment from other major economies such as Hong Kong (China), South Korea, Saudi Arabia and Thailand declined. Singapore and India, however, are among the few economies that reported an increase in outward investment, the report added