ISLAMABAD, Feb 22 (APP):Indus Waters Treaty is a historic example of equitable water distribution and peaceful dispute resolution in South Asia, Director (Urban Affairs) in the Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination, Muhammad Azeem Khoso, said.
He stated that the agreement was signed in 1960 between Pakistan and India with the mediation of the World Bank. Its primary objective was to permanently resolve water disputes that arose after the partition of the subcontinent and to ensure stability in the region. Under the treaty, rights over the three eastern rivers were allocated to India, while Pakistan was granted rights over the waters of the three western rivers, enabling both countries to fulfill their agricultural and economic needs in an organized manner.
In an exclusive interview with APP, he clarified that the treaty cannot be suspended unilaterally by either party. Under international treaty law, it was a duly signed and enforced agreement that could only be amended or terminated through the mutual consent of both parties. The treaty also provides a gradual dispute resolution mechanism, under which matters can be referred to the Commission, a neutral expert, or an international arbitration forum.
Muhammad Azeem said that the legal status of the treaty is strong and is protected under international law and states’ responsibility principles. The World Bank, as a guarantor institution, is supposed to play the role of facilitator in the dispute resolution process. He emphasized that the international community bears the responsibility to ensure respect for the treaty and to discourage any unilateral action, as water is not merely a bilateral issue, but rather it is a matter
linked closely to regional peace and human stability.
He warned that any attempt to unilaterally suspend the treaty could have serious consequences. It could adversely affect agricultural production, food security, energy projects, and environmental balance, in addition to causing public unrest and political tensions.
Replying to a question, he pointed out that since both Pakistan and India have nuclear capabilities, any unlawful or provocative action could heighten tensions in the region. However, he reiterated that Pakistan remains committed to international law, diplomacy, and the principles of peaceful resolution, and believes that respect for agreements is the only guarantee of sustainable peace.