UNITED NATIONS, Jan 19 (APP): Women seeking to participate in shaping and building peace and defending human rights face a “vastly worse” situation now than they did before the coronavirus pandemic, the United Nations human rights chief has said.
Michelle Bachelet, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, was participating in a UN Security Council debate dedicated to the theme “Protecting Participation: Addressing violence targeting women in peace and security processes”.
She said that, between 1992 and 2019, only 13 per cent of negotiators, 6 per cent of mediators and 6 per cent of signatories in major peace processes worldwide, were women.
In terms of support, barely 1 per cent of funding in fragile or conflict-affected countries goes to women’s rights organizations.
“And that was before the pandemic struck, and before a wave of intensifying conflicts, undemocratic political transitions and disastrous humanitarian crises took hold in many societies, further reducing women’s rights”, Ms Bachelet told the 15-member Council on Tuesday.
In 2020, the High Commissioner’s Office (OHCHR) verified 35 killings of women human rights defenders, journalists and trade unionists in seven conflict-affected countries. The number, which is certainly an undercount, surpassed the confirmed numbers of killings in 2018 and 2019.
OHCHR have also documented patterns of attacks against women working on gender equality; sexual and reproductive health and rights issues; corruption, labour rights and environmental and land disputes.
According to Ms Bachelet, in every region, women have been subjected to arrests and detention; intimidation, sexual violence, and harassment via smear campaigns.
Intimidation and reprisals by State and non-State actors against people who cooperate with the UN, also remain high, she said, including in countries which are on the Council’s peacekeeping agenda.
The High Commissioner then highlighted the situation in Afghanistan, Africa’s Sahel region, Myanmar and elsewhere, saying violations of women’s rights “significantly undermine global efforts to prevent conflict and sustain peace.”
In Afghanistan, she pointed to a “humanitarian disaster of unprecedented proportions”, arguing that the “denial of the fundamental rights of women and girls is massively damaging the economy and the country as a whole.”
In recent months, many Afghan women human rights defenders, journalists, lawyers and judges have been forced to flee or to go into hiding, often after repeated threats.
Many have lost all sources of income. They have also been excluded from decision-making that affects their lives and prevented from fully exercising their rights.
Ms. Bachelet urged the Security Council to ensure that the perpetrators of these violations are held accountable. She also asked Council members to use their influence with the Taliban to encourage respect for fundamental human rights.
In the Sahel region, the High Commissioner remembered that several countries are at the very bottom of UNDP’s Gender Equality Index.
She described a scenario where extremely violent armed group attacks increase the threat of abductions, violence, exploitation and abuse of women and girls, as well as local closures of schools.
Despite these obstacles, Ms Bachelet said she felt encouraged during a recent mission, where she heard senior members of the G5 Sahel joint forces, working to end terrorism and trafficking in the region, emphasizing the importance of increased integration.
In Myanmar, where, women human rights defenders have long been a force for peace and inclusivity, she said many women’s civil society groups have been forced to shut down amid the violence that has gripped the country since February last year.
Women medical workers, media workers, protestors, participants in civil disobedience, activists on social media and those providing food and shelter to people in need, have been targeted for assault and arbitrary detention.
Of the estimated 10,533 people detained by the State Administration Council and its affiliated armed elements between February and November of last year, women and girls number over 2,100.
In contrast the human rights chief called Colombia’s 2016 Peace Agreement “a global landmark” in terms of women’s participation and the inclusion of gender-specific measures.
She argued, nonetheless, that some gender-specific measures on issues such as land reform, political participation and security guarantees should be strengthened.
Describing this “wave” of challenges, the High Commissioner argued that the international community must “push back against attempts to attack, silence and criminalize women’s rights to defend rights, participate in decision-making and express dissenting opinions.”
She also asked for “clear advocacy” and “significant investment”, stating that “decisions on peace that do not reflect women’s voices, realities and rights are not sustainable,”
and called for strategies to ensure women’s full and meaningful participation in peace processes.
“The work of addressing discrimination, inequality, denials of women’s civic space and gender-based violence should also be viewed as a priority for building peace”, she added.
